That's because children's brains are still developing, the paper says, and they don't have the ability to weigh the risks and benefits of medication. Prescribing ADHD drugs to children who don't have the disorder is "not justifiable," according to the American Academy of Neurology's new position paper. The buzz term for that? "Pediatric neuroenhancement." "This is an ethics issue."īut the message is also being sent to teenagers and their parents, some of whom who might think that giving their child a little leg up for a big test isn't such a bad thing. "We don't believe that doctors are supposed to be drug dispensers for healthy people," says William Graf, a professor of pediatrics and neurology at the Yale School of Medicine. ![]() The brain docs are directing that advice first and foremost to their fellow physicians, the ones who have been writing all those scrips for people who don't have ADHD, or who perhaps don't think about all the pills their patients sell on the student black market. ![]() The American Academy of Neurology now says: Stop that. They're used as "smart drugs" or " study drugs" by students who find the pills give them a mental edge. Quite a few of those pills don't end up being used to treat ADHD, though. The drug is used to treat ADHD and is used by some students to boost their academic performance.Īdderall and other ADHD medications are among the most prescribed drugs in America. ![]() All rights reserved.Ten milligram tablets of the prescription drug Adderall. This review summarizes available pharmacological treatment options for ADHD in children and adolescents, identifies current issues in research and evidence gaps, and provides an overview of ongoing efforts to develop new medications for the treatment of ADHD in children and adolescents by means of a systematic cross-sectional analysis of the clinical trials registry Keywords:Īmphetamines Atomoxetine Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder Clonidine Guanfacine Methylphenidate Psychopharmacology.Ĭopyright © 2021 The Author(s). While available pharmacological treatment options for ADHD show relatively large effect sizes (in short-term trials) and overall good tolerability, there is still a need for improvement of current pharmacotherapeutic strategies and for the development of novel medications. Available medications include stimulants (methylphenidate, amphetamines) and non-stimulants (atomoxetine, guanfacine, clonidine). Current clinical guidelines recommend an individualized multimodal treatment approach including psychoeducation, pharmacological interventions, and non-pharmacological interventions. Overall, ADHD is associated with high rates of psychiatric comorbidities, and insufficient treatment is linked to adverse long-term outcomes. Patients show a high interindividual and intraindividual variability of symptoms, with executive deficits in several cognitive domains. The disorder follows a multifactorial etiology and shows a high heritability. Its prevalence lies at approximately 5% in children and adolescents and at approximately 2.5% in adults. ![]() Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, causing functional impairment.
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